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Scams and Cheats - Part 1
by Christopher Pawlicki
Before Nevada legalized gambling in 1931, methods for
cheating the patrons were commonly employed. Illegal
gambling (along with other illicit activities) was prevalent
in Vegas since the turn of the century. Special or modified
roulette wheels were part of the action.
Many of these rigged or "gaffed" wheels remained in
operation for several years after 1931. Once the new gaming
commission was established and put into power, these wheels
found their way over to off-the-beaten-path places and
illegal out-of-state operations. As the commission developed
some teeth in their bite, casino cheating ceased to exist in
Nevada. These gaming commissions can stroll up unannounced,
confiscate any gaming equipment as they see fit and take it
back to their labs for a thorough inspection. The casinos do
not want to risk losing their gaming license. Today, in
Nevada or Atlantic City, you won’t find any gaffed or juiced
wheels out on the casino floors. But any gaming
establishment operating where gambling is illegal is already
breaking the law and has no license to lose. Be advised, you
are probably being cheated in some way. Even in places where
gambling is legal, but there is no strong regulatory agency,
be wary! I have included several of the more common modes of
cheating. Most of these are antiquated.
Magnets
Probably the most elaborate way to cheat the players was by
installing four equally spaced, concealed electromagnets
around the stationery bowl. This was used in conjunction
with a ball containing a steel core. By activating the
magnetic force, a ball could be repelled off the upper race
or ball track and sent down, a little earlier than nature
would dictate, toward the spinning rotor. By pressing a
hidden button (thus completing the circuit to the magnets at
the appropriate time) a skilled dealer could force the ball
drop-off and anticipate a rendezvous with a particular
sector of the slowly spinning rotor. The dealer, having
sufficiently memorized the wheel layout, could observe the
betting layout, target a sparsely wagered sector on the
rotor and competently steer the ball away from the heavily
bet numbers.
Another method includes using a rotor where certain pockets
have been magnetized. Here, a ball with a steel core is spun
and allowed to break naturally from the upper track. As it
spirals towards the rotor, it is attracted to the magnetized
pockets. Because the rotor is a moving component, it is
difficult to devise a way to toggle the charge on and off,
so the pockets must be pre-selected and magnetized. If no
one had bet on the "magnetized numbers," then the dealer
would use the steel-cored ball, knowing it would be
attracted to these pockets. If there were sufficient action
on the magnetized numbers, then the dealer would simply
switch back to a regular roulette ball and let the 5.26%
edge take effect.
Wheel Tampering
The casinos weren’t the only ones altering the wheels. There
are many stories of brazen individuals who snuck into the
casino wheel room after closing and doctored up the roulette
wheels. Armed with pliers or other tools, these people would
loosen up a few of the pocket frets by twisting them back
and forth. These loosened separators would then absorb more
of the ball’s energy, causing it to remain in that pocket.
Others would glue some kind of material to the bottoms of
certain pockets to affect the ball’s bounce. Depending upon
the material, different results could be expected. For
example, gluing thin sheets of lead on the bottoms of select
pockets would deaden the ball’s bounce and make it more
likely for the ball to stay in that pocket. Whereas affixing
thin sheets of hyper elastic material, like that found in a
"super ball," to the pocket’s bottom would cause the ball to
easily bounce out and avoid that particular pocket. Either
way, the perpetrator is attempting to create a "biased
wheel."
The Spindoctor
Continue to part 2
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